PH Deregulation As the Eleventh Hallmark of Cancer.

Description based upon print version of record.

Lactate tracers for patient treatment monitoring

Intro -- pH Deregulation as the Eleventh Hallmark of Cancer -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgment -- Introductory words -- Chapter 1: pH Regulation and metabolism: Basic concepts -- pH regulation -- Concentration of protons ([H+]) and pH -- Some basic definitions -- pH homeostasis -- What is the need for these different pH compartments? -- Buffers -- pH and enzymatic activity -- Transport of substances and ions in and out of cells -- The proton extruders -- Metabolism -- Antimetabolite -- Cell respiration and metabolism

How does CO2 play an important role in acid-base balance? -- In summary [25-28] -- References -- Chapter 2: The pH gradient in cancer: pH deregulation -- Historical background -- Main participants of the pHtome -- When does the pH inversion start? -- How does the pHtome work -- How do cancer cells survive in the acidic microenvironment? -- Where to search for adaptation? -- Apoptosis -- Plasma membrane proteins -- Plasma membrane potential (Vm) -- Mannose glycosylation -- Exosomes -- Lipid metabolism -- Extracellular acidity: The origins -- Extracellular acidity: The consequences

Intracellular alkalinity -- Metabolic reprogramming: A major contributor to pH deregulation -- The origin of the two main ECM acidifiers -- Advantages of the metabolic shift -- Is there an objective in metabolic switch? -- The role of hypoxia -- What is the importance of the pH gradient inversion? -- Why is it important to recognize pH deregulation as a hallmark of cancer? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: The pHtome -- Introduction -- Why are there so many participants in the pHtome? -- Can the pHtome be inhibited? -- References -- Chapter 3.1: Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) -- Introduction

Tissue and subcellular distribution -- NHE's in breast and prostate cancer -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3.2: Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSCs) -- Structure (Figs. 1 and 2) -- VGSCs in cancer -- NaV1.5 and breast cancer -- Clinical implications -- Discussion -- Other possible combinations -- References -- Chapter 3.3: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) -- Introduction -- Structure -- Intracellular carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) -- CA II in tumors -- Inhibiting CAs -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.4: The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family -- General overview

NBC protein structure, isoforms and tissue distribution -- Nomenclature -- NBC in normal physiology: Role and regulation -- NBC in disease: Role in the cancer pHtome -- NBC expression in malignancy and clinical significance -- Targeting NBC for cancer treatment -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.5: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and lactate -- Lactic acid or lactate? -- Role of lactate in cancer -- Lactate as oncometabolite -- Lactate as a signaling molecule -- MCT structure, function and role in cancer -- MCTs as targets for cancer therapy