Understanding Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology.=
Gavin, Helen.
Understanding Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology.= - London : SAGE Publications, 2008. - 404 pages) 24 cm - Understanding Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. .
Psychology
Includes bibliographical references (pages 386-392) and index.
Preface -- pt. I. First explorations -- 1. The range of research -- Studying the invisible -- Introspection -- The experimental approach -- Falsifiability -- Demand characteristics -- Control in experimentation -- Research without experimentation -- Psychometrics -- Direct observation -- Self-reports -- Surveys -- Evaluation -- Analysis of psychological data -- Summary -- Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) -- Sir Karl Popper (1902-1994) -- 2. Ethics in research : some shocking cases -- Shocking events in New Haven -- Public health shame -- Ethical issues -- How to design ethical research -- General -- Consent -- Deception -- Debriefing -- Withdrawal -- Confidentiality -- Protection -- Observational research -- Giving advice -- Colleagues -- Summary -- Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) -- 3. Some basic concepts in psychological research -- Who takes part in research? -- Populations -- Samples -- Variables -- Independent -- Fixed -- Random -- Dependent -- Confounding -- Level of measurement -- Quantitative research design -- Temporal precedence -- Covariation -- Alternative explanation -- Internal validity -- Replicability and reliability -- External validity -- Hypotheses -- Handling statistical data -- Qualitative and quantitative data -- Why use qualitative methods? -- Reflexivity -- Validity in qualitative research -- Types of qualitative research -- Ethnography -- Phenomenology -- Hermeneutics -- Grounded theory -- Qualitative data collection -- In-depth interviews -- Direct observation -- Participant observation -- Case studies -- Diaries -- Handling qualitative data -- Summary pt. II. Beginning quantitative research -- 4. Using numbers to describe behaviour -- The distribution -- Building a distribution -- The normal distribution -- Central tendency -- The mean -- The median -- The mode -- Which central tendency measure? -- Dispersion -- The sample variance and the standard deviation -- Standard error of the mean -- The z-score -- Disruptions to normality -- skew and kurtosis -- Tabular presentation -- Summary -- 5. Inferential statistics -- why and what? -- Probability -- Hypothesis testing -- Step 1 : state the hypotheses -- Step 2 : set the criterion for rejecting Hb0s -- Step 3 : compute the test statistic -- Step 4 : decide about Hb0s (reject or not reject) -- One-tailed and two-tailed significance tests -- Power -- Parametric tests and assumptions -- Normal distribution -- Homogeneity of variances -- Level of measurement -- Degrees of freedom -- Summary -- Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962) -- 6. Simple experimental designs : being watched -- Who is watching you? -- The analysis of data from experiments with two conditions -- The t test -- Experiments with within-subjects designs -- Analysis of data in within-subjects designs -- Experiments using between-subjects designs -- Analysis of data in between-subjects designs -- One- and two-tailed t tests -- Summary -- Robert Zajonc -- 7. Single factorial designs : the levels of processing experiments -- Models of memory -- Designs with more than two groups -- Single factor designs -- Analysis of variance -- Total sum of squares (SST) -- Sum of squares between groups (SSB) -- Sum of squares within groups (SSW) -- Post-hoc tests in single factor between-subjects designs -- Non-parametric tests in single factor designs -- Single factor designs with repeated measures -- Non-parametric tests in single factor repeated -- Measures designs -- Tests of trend -- Summary -- Fergus Craik -- Robert Lockhart -- 8. Survey research : who is afraid of crime? -- Measuring attitudes using surveys -- Attitudes -- Attitude measurement -- Writing questionnaires -- Question format -- Scaling -- Dimensionality -- The major unidimensional scale types -- Likert scales -- Scoring and analysis -- Level of measurement -- Sampling -- Answers to our crime survey -- Ethical considerations of performing surveys -- Summary -- 9. Correlational designs : the poor relation? -- Correlational designs and analysis -- Correlational analysis with interval-level data -- Simple linear regression -- Correlation with non-continuous data -- Ordinal data -- Assumptions made in correlational analysis -- Partial correlation -- Summary -- Hans Jurgen Eysenck (1916-1997) pt. III. Complex quantitative designs -- 10. Factorial designs with more than one factor : a closer look at memory -- Alternatives to the levels of processing framework -- The principles of encoding specificity -- Analysis of factorial designs with more than one factor -- Reporting factorial results -- Mixed designs -- Post-hoc analysis -- Simple effects -- Simple main effects for between- and within-subjects contrasts -- Non-parametric tests -- Transformations -- Friedman's test -- Summary -- Endel Tulving -- 11. Multivariate statistics -- Analysis of covariance -- Multivariate analysis of variance -- Summary -- 12. Complex correlational designs and analysis : stats can be murder -- Murdering stats -- Multiple linear regression -- Multicollinearity -- Selection methods -- Getting away with murder -- Logistic regression -- Summary -- Sir Edward Coke (1552-1634) pt. IV. Beginning qualitative research -- 13. Theory in qualitative research -- The alternative paradigm? -- Qualitative versus quantitative research paradigms -- Theoretical viewpoints in psychological qualitative enquiry -- Phenomenology -- Ethnomethodology -- Symbolic interactionism -- Semiotics -- Hermeneutics -- Modernism, post-modernism -- Psychological approaches to qualitative research -- Summary -- 14. Designing qualitative research -- Features of qualitative research -- The role of the researcher -- Research design -- Sampling strategies -- Data collection techniques -- Analysis of data -- Credibility of qualitative research -- Summary pt. V. Complex qualitative research -- 15. Interviews and focus groups -- Market research -- Qualitative interviews -- Conducting interviews -- Focus groups in qualitative research -- Use of focus groups -- Questions for focus groups -- Analysis of interview and focus group data -- Summary -- 16. Participant observation : girls, gangs and aggression -- Observing violence -- Violent women -- Observation as method -- Access -- Time -- Recording data -- Analysing data -- How to be a participant observer -- Summary -- Anne Campbell -- 17. Thematic analysis -- Research diaries -- The effect of recording experience -- The analysis -- The outcomes -- Summary -- 18. Discourse analysis : power and control -- Language structure -- Syntax -- relation of signs to each other -- Semantics -- relation of signs to objects -- Definitions of discourse analysis -- Assumptions of discourse analysis -- Issues of reliability and validity -- How do we perform discourse analysis? -- Gathering data for discourse analysis -- Natural discourse -- The method of discourse analysis -- Summary -- Jonathan Potter -- Margaret Wetherell -- 19. Evaluation research -- Evaluation of treatment programmes -- Sexual offending, the research, the theory -- Biological and evolutionary explanation of sexual aggression -- Social and psychological explanations for sexual aggression -- Treatment of sexual aggression and sexual offending -- Evaluation study design -- Effectiveness of therapy -- Summary -- pt. VI. Communication of research -- 20. Communicating research -- Journal articles -- Conference proceedings -- Books -- Government/corporate reports -- Newspapers -- Theses and dissertations -- Internet -- Research paper sections -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method and research design -- Results -- Statistical results -- Qualitative results -- Discussion -- Summary -- Appendix A. Choosing a statistical test -- Appendix B. SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 6 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 7 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 9 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 10 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 11 -- Glossary -- References -- Index.
Use copy. Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time;
This text covers basic and advanced qualitative and quantitative methods and grounds these in real psychological research.
Electronic reproduction.
[Place of publication not identified] :
HathiTrust Digital Library,
2010.
Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212
Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.
9781446204603 144620460X 9781412934411 1412934419 1412934427 9781412934428 9781473903470 1473903475
9781446204603 Ingram Content Group
GBA788657 bnb GBB6G1331 bnb GBB6G6897 bnb
014235679 Uk 017422147 Uk 017461637 Uk
Helen Gavin
Psychology--Research--Methodology.
Psychology--Statistical methods.
Psychology.
Statistics.
Psychology
Research Design
Statistics as Topic
Psychologie--Recherche--M�ethodologie.
Psychologie--M�ethodes statistiques.
Psychologie.
Statistiques.
Statistique.
psychology.
statistics.
PSYCHOLOGY--Research & Methodology.
Statistics
Psychology
Psychology--Research--Methodology
Psychology--Statistical methods
Electronic books.
BF76.5 .G39 2008
311.2 / G 283
BF76.5 .G39 2008
2008 N-236 BF 76.5 / G283u 2008
Understanding Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology.= - London : SAGE Publications, 2008. - 404 pages) 24 cm - Understanding Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. .
Psychology
Includes bibliographical references (pages 386-392) and index.
Preface -- pt. I. First explorations -- 1. The range of research -- Studying the invisible -- Introspection -- The experimental approach -- Falsifiability -- Demand characteristics -- Control in experimentation -- Research without experimentation -- Psychometrics -- Direct observation -- Self-reports -- Surveys -- Evaluation -- Analysis of psychological data -- Summary -- Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) -- Sir Karl Popper (1902-1994) -- 2. Ethics in research : some shocking cases -- Shocking events in New Haven -- Public health shame -- Ethical issues -- How to design ethical research -- General -- Consent -- Deception -- Debriefing -- Withdrawal -- Confidentiality -- Protection -- Observational research -- Giving advice -- Colleagues -- Summary -- Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) -- 3. Some basic concepts in psychological research -- Who takes part in research? -- Populations -- Samples -- Variables -- Independent -- Fixed -- Random -- Dependent -- Confounding -- Level of measurement -- Quantitative research design -- Temporal precedence -- Covariation -- Alternative explanation -- Internal validity -- Replicability and reliability -- External validity -- Hypotheses -- Handling statistical data -- Qualitative and quantitative data -- Why use qualitative methods? -- Reflexivity -- Validity in qualitative research -- Types of qualitative research -- Ethnography -- Phenomenology -- Hermeneutics -- Grounded theory -- Qualitative data collection -- In-depth interviews -- Direct observation -- Participant observation -- Case studies -- Diaries -- Handling qualitative data -- Summary pt. II. Beginning quantitative research -- 4. Using numbers to describe behaviour -- The distribution -- Building a distribution -- The normal distribution -- Central tendency -- The mean -- The median -- The mode -- Which central tendency measure? -- Dispersion -- The sample variance and the standard deviation -- Standard error of the mean -- The z-score -- Disruptions to normality -- skew and kurtosis -- Tabular presentation -- Summary -- 5. Inferential statistics -- why and what? -- Probability -- Hypothesis testing -- Step 1 : state the hypotheses -- Step 2 : set the criterion for rejecting Hb0s -- Step 3 : compute the test statistic -- Step 4 : decide about Hb0s (reject or not reject) -- One-tailed and two-tailed significance tests -- Power -- Parametric tests and assumptions -- Normal distribution -- Homogeneity of variances -- Level of measurement -- Degrees of freedom -- Summary -- Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962) -- 6. Simple experimental designs : being watched -- Who is watching you? -- The analysis of data from experiments with two conditions -- The t test -- Experiments with within-subjects designs -- Analysis of data in within-subjects designs -- Experiments using between-subjects designs -- Analysis of data in between-subjects designs -- One- and two-tailed t tests -- Summary -- Robert Zajonc -- 7. Single factorial designs : the levels of processing experiments -- Models of memory -- Designs with more than two groups -- Single factor designs -- Analysis of variance -- Total sum of squares (SST) -- Sum of squares between groups (SSB) -- Sum of squares within groups (SSW) -- Post-hoc tests in single factor between-subjects designs -- Non-parametric tests in single factor designs -- Single factor designs with repeated measures -- Non-parametric tests in single factor repeated -- Measures designs -- Tests of trend -- Summary -- Fergus Craik -- Robert Lockhart -- 8. Survey research : who is afraid of crime? -- Measuring attitudes using surveys -- Attitudes -- Attitude measurement -- Writing questionnaires -- Question format -- Scaling -- Dimensionality -- The major unidimensional scale types -- Likert scales -- Scoring and analysis -- Level of measurement -- Sampling -- Answers to our crime survey -- Ethical considerations of performing surveys -- Summary -- 9. Correlational designs : the poor relation? -- Correlational designs and analysis -- Correlational analysis with interval-level data -- Simple linear regression -- Correlation with non-continuous data -- Ordinal data -- Assumptions made in correlational analysis -- Partial correlation -- Summary -- Hans Jurgen Eysenck (1916-1997) pt. III. Complex quantitative designs -- 10. Factorial designs with more than one factor : a closer look at memory -- Alternatives to the levels of processing framework -- The principles of encoding specificity -- Analysis of factorial designs with more than one factor -- Reporting factorial results -- Mixed designs -- Post-hoc analysis -- Simple effects -- Simple main effects for between- and within-subjects contrasts -- Non-parametric tests -- Transformations -- Friedman's test -- Summary -- Endel Tulving -- 11. Multivariate statistics -- Analysis of covariance -- Multivariate analysis of variance -- Summary -- 12. Complex correlational designs and analysis : stats can be murder -- Murdering stats -- Multiple linear regression -- Multicollinearity -- Selection methods -- Getting away with murder -- Logistic regression -- Summary -- Sir Edward Coke (1552-1634) pt. IV. Beginning qualitative research -- 13. Theory in qualitative research -- The alternative paradigm? -- Qualitative versus quantitative research paradigms -- Theoretical viewpoints in psychological qualitative enquiry -- Phenomenology -- Ethnomethodology -- Symbolic interactionism -- Semiotics -- Hermeneutics -- Modernism, post-modernism -- Psychological approaches to qualitative research -- Summary -- 14. Designing qualitative research -- Features of qualitative research -- The role of the researcher -- Research design -- Sampling strategies -- Data collection techniques -- Analysis of data -- Credibility of qualitative research -- Summary pt. V. Complex qualitative research -- 15. Interviews and focus groups -- Market research -- Qualitative interviews -- Conducting interviews -- Focus groups in qualitative research -- Use of focus groups -- Questions for focus groups -- Analysis of interview and focus group data -- Summary -- 16. Participant observation : girls, gangs and aggression -- Observing violence -- Violent women -- Observation as method -- Access -- Time -- Recording data -- Analysing data -- How to be a participant observer -- Summary -- Anne Campbell -- 17. Thematic analysis -- Research diaries -- The effect of recording experience -- The analysis -- The outcomes -- Summary -- 18. Discourse analysis : power and control -- Language structure -- Syntax -- relation of signs to each other -- Semantics -- relation of signs to objects -- Definitions of discourse analysis -- Assumptions of discourse analysis -- Issues of reliability and validity -- How do we perform discourse analysis? -- Gathering data for discourse analysis -- Natural discourse -- The method of discourse analysis -- Summary -- Jonathan Potter -- Margaret Wetherell -- 19. Evaluation research -- Evaluation of treatment programmes -- Sexual offending, the research, the theory -- Biological and evolutionary explanation of sexual aggression -- Social and psychological explanations for sexual aggression -- Treatment of sexual aggression and sexual offending -- Evaluation study design -- Effectiveness of therapy -- Summary -- pt. VI. Communication of research -- 20. Communicating research -- Journal articles -- Conference proceedings -- Books -- Government/corporate reports -- Newspapers -- Theses and dissertations -- Internet -- Research paper sections -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method and research design -- Results -- Statistical results -- Qualitative results -- Discussion -- Summary -- Appendix A. Choosing a statistical test -- Appendix B. SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 6 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 7 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 9 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 10 -- SPSS output for data and analysis discussed in chapter 11 -- Glossary -- References -- Index.
Use copy. Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time;
This text covers basic and advanced qualitative and quantitative methods and grounds these in real psychological research.
Electronic reproduction.
[Place of publication not identified] :
HathiTrust Digital Library,
2010.
Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212
Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.
9781446204603 144620460X 9781412934411 1412934419 1412934427 9781412934428 9781473903470 1473903475
9781446204603 Ingram Content Group
GBA788657 bnb GBB6G1331 bnb GBB6G6897 bnb
014235679 Uk 017422147 Uk 017461637 Uk
Helen Gavin
Psychology--Research--Methodology.
Psychology--Statistical methods.
Psychology.
Statistics.
Psychology
Research Design
Statistics as Topic
Psychologie--Recherche--M�ethodologie.
Psychologie--M�ethodes statistiques.
Psychologie.
Statistiques.
Statistique.
psychology.
statistics.
PSYCHOLOGY--Research & Methodology.
Statistics
Psychology
Psychology--Research--Methodology
Psychology--Statistical methods
Electronic books.
BF76.5 .G39 2008
311.2 / G 283
BF76.5 .G39 2008
2008 N-236 BF 76.5 / G283u 2008